Elizabeth Loftus
SchoolMisinformation Effect
Lived1944 –
FromUnited States
Misinformation Effect

Elizabeth Loftus

Memory remembers, but also invents.

A memory researcher who showed how easily our recollections can be reshaped by suggestion.

Memory is not a recording. It is reconstructed each time we remember.
— Elizabeth Loftus

Who they were

Elizabeth Loftus spent her career probing a quiet unease: that the past we feel so sure of may not be the past that happened. Through careful experiments she revealed the misinformation effect, showing how a leading question or a stray detail can fold itself into a memory until it feels entirely real. Her findings transformed how courts weigh eyewitness testimony and how psychology understands the fragility of recall. By taking memory seriously as something we reconstruct rather than replay, she changed both science and the law.

Famous books

What they left on the shelf

Their big idea

Misinformation Effect

Elizabeth Loftus demonstrated that memory is far more suggestible than it feels. Information encountered after an event, even a single misleading word, can slip into recollection and reshape what a witness sincerely believes they saw.

Questions in their spirit

What they’d ask you

Sit with one. Answer online, or in the app.

All questions

Carry the idea forward

Loftus — What they’d ask you

Psipas asks you one small, honest question at a time — and builds the picture from your answers.